[00:00.00]本字幕由TME AI技术生成
[00:00.19]partfour
[00:02.27]youwillhearahistorystudentgivingpartofapresentationaboutchangesinbritishsociety
[00:08.25]intheninenineenthcentury
[00:11.65]firstyouhavesometimetolookatquestionsthirtyonetoforty
[01:06.88]nowlistencarefullyandanswerquestionsthirtyonetoforty
[01:14.50]hi
[01:14.88]everyoneinthissession
[01:17.20]illbepresentingmyresearchaboutthesocialhistoryofbritain
[01:21.08]duringtheindustrialrevolution
[01:24.05]iparticularlylookedathowordinaryliveswereaffectedbychangesthathappenedatthattime
[01:30.77]thiswasatimethatsawthebeginningofanewphenomenonconsumerism
[01:35.81]wherebuyingandsellinggoodsbecameamajorpartofordinarypeoples
[01:40.09]livesinfact
[01:42.64]itwasintheninenineninehundredthturtury
[01:44.78]thequantityandqualityofpeoplespossessionswasusedasanindicationofthewewethththethecountryforthisthevastmajorityofpeoplehadveryfewpossessions
[01:56.46]butallthatwaschangedbytheindustrialrevolution
[02:00.93]thiswastheerafromthemideighteenthtothelatenineteenthcentury
[02:05.31]whenimprovementsinhowgoodsweremadeaswellasintechnology
[02:09.01]triggeredmassivesocialchanges
[02:11.19]thetransformedlifeforjustabouteverybodyinseveralkeyareas
[02:16.89]firstletslookatmanufacturing
[02:20.51]whenitcomestomanufacturing
[02:22.51]wetendtothinkoftheindustrialrevolutioninimagesofsteamenginesandcoal
[02:28.83]anditstruethattheindustrialrevolutioncouldnthavetakenplaceatallifitwerentforthesenewsourcesofpower
[02:36.95]theymarkedanimportantshiftawayfromthetraditionalwatermillsandwdmills
[02:41.89]thathaddominatedbeforethisthemostadvancedindustryformuchofthenineninehundredthturywastextstyles
[02:50.37]thismeantthatfashionablefabricsandlaceandribbonsweremadeavailabletoeveryonebeforetheindustrialrevolution
[02:59.78]mostpeoplemadegoodstosellinsmallworkshops
[03:03.22]oftenintheirownhomes
[03:05.83]butenormousnewmachineswerenowbeingcreated
[03:09.05]thatcouldproducethegoodsfasterandonalargerscale
[03:13.23]andtheserequiredalotmorespace
[03:16.81]solanungefactorieswerebuiltreplacingtheworkshopsandforcingworkerstotraveltowork
[03:24.19]infactlargenumbersofpeoplemigratedfromvillagesintotowns
[03:28.99]asaresultaswellasmanufacturing
[03:36.65]therewerenewtechnologiesintransport
[03:39.27]contributingtothegrowthofconsumalism
[03:42.81]thehorstorwnstagecoachesandcartsoftheeighteencentury
[03:46.97]whichcarriedveryfewpeopleingoodsandtraveledslowlyalongpoorlysurfacedroadsweregraduallyreplacedbythenumerouscanalsthatwereconstructed
[03:57.27]thesewereparticularlyimportantforthetransportationofgoods
[04:02.36]thecanalsgraduallyfelloutofuse
[04:04.68]thoughasrailwaysweredevelopedbecomingthemainwayofmovinggoodsandpeoplefromoneendofthecountrytotheotherandthegoodstheymovedwouljustcallironclothes
[04:17.72]andsoonsignificantlytheyincludednewspapers
[04:22.66]whichmeantthatthousandsofpeoplewerenotonlymoreknowledgeableaboutwhatwasgoingoninthecountry
[04:28.88]butcouldalsoreadaboutwhatwasavailableintheshops
[04:32.98]andthatencouragethemtobuymoresofasterformsoftransportresultedindistributionbecomingfarmoreefficientgoodscouldnowbesoldalloverthecountry
[04:45.75]insteadofjustinthelocalmarket
[04:50.07]thethirdmainareathatsawchangesthatcontributedconsumerismwasretailingthenumberandqualityofshops
[04:58.70]grewrapidlyandinparticularsmallshopssufferedascustomersfloccktothegrowingnumberofdepartmentstores
[05:06.44]aformofretailingthatwasnewintheninenineteenthcentury
[05:11.58]weentrepreneurswhoopenthesefoundnewwaystostockthemwithgoods
[05:16.96]andtoattractcustomersforinstance
[05:21.34]improvedlightinginsidegreatlyincreasasethevisibilityofthegoodsforsale
[05:28.42]anotherdevelopmentthatmadegoodsmorevisiblefromoutside
[05:32.42]resultedfromtheuseofplateglass
[05:35.64]whichmadeitpossibleforwindowstobemuchlargerthanpreviouslynewwaysofpromotinggoodswereintroduced
[05:43.20]toopreviouslythefocushadbeenoninformingpotentialcustomersabouttheavailabilityofgoods
[05:51.50]nowtherewasanexplosioninadvertising
[05:54.86]tryingtopersuadepeopletogoshopping
[05:58.78]fllandzclaimsthatoneofthegreateffectsoftheindustrialrevolutionwasatacreatedchoice
[06:05.54]allsortsofthingsthathadpreviouslybeenluxuriesfromsugartecabulerbecameconveniences
[06:13.48]andbeforelongtheyturnedintonecessitieslifewithoutsugarorcutterarywasunimaginableratherlikemobilephones
[06:23.49]thesedays
[06:27.39]thatistheendofpartfour
[06:30.63]younowhaveoneminutetocheckyourarancestopartfour
[07:34.90]thatistheendofalisteningtestintheiodstest
[07:40.96]hewouldnowhavetenminutestotransferyouranswerstotheanswersheet